Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are the useful tool for water purification and control to water loss. In this system, macrophytes are naturally developed on water surface. This also allows the plant roots to remain in contact with the water and eliminating contaminants through a variety of mechanisms. The goals of the chapter are providing knowledge about FTWs, components and its technological enhancing performance. Present chapter also aims the primary mechanisms of FTWs for pollutant removal. The water depth, hydraulic, retention time, floating mat, water surface coverage, artificial aeration, plant selection, and harvesting play basic role and application in function of FTWs. It has been established that FTWs are a promising technology for numerous wastewater treatment applications and remediation rates. In order to better know the relations between plants, macrophytes and FWTs components and also other pollutant removal mechanisms how to increase the treatment efficiency of FTW systems, the more research will be needed to design and development aspects related to system performance and effectiveness.