Cold acclimation is a critical adaptive strategy that enables alpine plants to survive and function under extreme and fluctuating seasonal conditions. Until recently, progress in understanding this process was limited by both technical and biological challenges. With the advent of time-series transcriptomics, however, it has become possible to unravel the temporal dynamics of gene expression underlying cold responses. Comparative studies in model systems and alpine species have highlighted the importance of transcription factors, circadian regulation, alternative splicing, and epitranscriptomic modifications, alongside key pathways such as the CBF cascade, lipid remodeling, and hormone-mediated signaling. Emerging approaches in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics now open access to cell- and tissue-specific temporal responses, offering unprecedented resolution. These insights have practical applications ranging from crop improvement through marker-assisted selection and genome editing to refining ecological models of alpine adaptation. Looking ahead, integrating multi-omics datasets, capturing organ- and tissue-resolved temporal changes, and standardizing experimental frameworks will be crucial for advancing cross-study comparability. This chapter underscores the transformative role of time-series transcriptomics in decoding cold acclimation, outlining its methodological foundations, analytical strategies, and contributions to understanding regulatory networks that sustain alpine plant resilience.