This paper addresses the cooperative control problem for virtual coupling trains considering disturbances, self-adjusting zones, and constraints simultaneously. A novel control algorithm is proposed to achieve desired tracking performance using a spacing strategy based on self-adjusting zones, where train spacing is maintained within a flexible range rather than at a fixed value. This approach decouples trains within the zone to mitigate disturbance propagation. The system’s stability is analyzed via convexity of stochastic matrix and Lyapunov methods. Results demonstrate that, without disturbances, all trains enter the self-adjusting zone and reach the desired speed, while under disturbances, the mechanism effectively blocks their impact. Numerical simulations validate the theoretical findings.