Targeting the fully autonomous execution of missions by UAV swarms, this paper designs a resilient collaborative architecture for UAV swarms based on a distributed framework. First, a collaborative control architecture for UAV swarms oriented towards fully autonomous missions is designed. Its core comprises two key aspects: the Communication and Scheduling Layer and the Autonomous Mission Management Layer. Second, the main components of the Communication and Scheduling Layer are designed, encompassing both the Communication Layer and the Scheduling Layer. Furthermore, the main components of the Autonomous Mission Management Layer are designed, including autonomous route planning, autonomous formation control, autonomous target detection, autonomous target tracking, autonomous task allocation, autonomous target engagement, etc. The primary implementation methods for each component are also introduced. Finally, the effectiveness of the system is validated through a flight test involving twenty fixed-wing UAVs performing a fully autonomous cooperative detect-and-strike mission.