Almost over the past four decades, 3D printing has been gaining much interest as an assembly procedure because of its nonexclusive and layer-by-layer construction method involving zero wastage of raw material with accurate precision even for smaller architectures. Later on, by incorporating standard biocompatible materials in the printing machinery even with actual cells, different cellular growth factors, and bioactive compounds like proteins, the same method progressed into 3D bioprinting for tissue buildings, making its way into medicine. This can construct orthopedic bioactive implants with appropriate architecture for bone or organ support, medical devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, ideal tissues and organs for organ transplantation, drug screening, disease modeling, and so on. Depending on the type of biomaterial employed and how the layers need to be connected to the component, different techniques like fused deposition modeling, extrusion-based bioprinting, selective laser sintering, etc. come into functioning. Biocompatibility comes as the first criterion for choosing any biomaterial intended for application in medicine. Bioink constituting cells and one or multiple biomaterials along with different growth factors leads to the printing of cell-laden structures like organs. These can also generate illness and organ failures due to biomaterial-related infections. Thus, natural biomaterials, surface-treated biomaterials, etc., have been employed for the biofabrication of 3D-printed structures rendering no biological rejection. This chapter covers a comprehensive evaluation of different materials used in 3D printing and 3D bioprinting for medicinal purposes which include metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and bioinks, and their recent and ongoing innovations and adaptations in the development of human care products in the field of medicine. Significant advantages of this method like the capability of producing complex geometries with utmost precision, relatively shorter fabrication periods, low manufacturing costs, and ability to produce controllable structures have paved its way through research academics, industry, and so on.