Microorganisms are essential to the creation of biogas, which is the sustainable energy source of the future. Understanding the diversity and enormous potential of microbes as well as their wide range of metabolic capacities has been made possible by the study of microbial genomes. Understanding microbial communities and their functional potential has been completely transformed by the development of genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing. These instruments allowed for a thorough investigation of microbial diversity, which is important for the identification of novel species, gene functions, and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, various substrate treatment methods have enhanced biogas production. Also, there is a need to explore and utilize biological approaches for biogas production as it is giving excellent results in other applications such as bioremediation and industries.