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Hybrid electrolysis systems combining alkaline (ALK) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) technologies represent a promising solution for off-grid hydrogen production driven by intermittent wind and solar resources. This study develops a techno-economic optimization model for ALK-PEM hybrid systems based on real-world power curves from Chinese wind and solar farms collected over a two-year period. Validated electrochemical and thermal models are established for both ALK and PEM stacks, enabling accurate simulation of system performance. A power allocation strategy is proposed, assigning steady loads to ALK units and fluctuating loads to PEM units to enhance system efficiency and operational reliability. Simulation results show that an ALK share of 76% minimizes renewable curtailment, while achieving the highest rate of return (RoR) under specific cost and electricity price scenarios. Sensitivity analyses reveal that the optimal ALK-PEM capacity ratio is highly dependent on equipment and electricity prices: higher PEM costs or lower electricity prices favor allocating a larger capacity share to ALK. This work offers practical guidance for sizing and operating hybrid electrolyzers in off-grid renewable energy systems, supporting efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production.

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Optimized ALK-PEM Electrolysis for off-Grid H2 Production Based on Practical Renewable Power Curves

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Yuhang Zhuo,
  • Weizhe Zhang,
  • Jixin Shi,
  • Yixiang Shi

摘要

Hybrid electrolysis systems combining alkaline (ALK) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) technologies represent a promising solution for off-grid hydrogen production driven by intermittent wind and solar resources. This study develops a techno-economic optimization model for ALK-PEM hybrid systems based on real-world power curves from Chinese wind and solar farms collected over a two-year period. Validated electrochemical and thermal models are established for both ALK and PEM stacks, enabling accurate simulation of system performance. A power allocation strategy is proposed, assigning steady loads to ALK units and fluctuating loads to PEM units to enhance system efficiency and operational reliability. Simulation results show that an ALK share of 76% minimizes renewable curtailment, while achieving the highest rate of return (RoR) under specific cost and electricity price scenarios. Sensitivity analyses reveal that the optimal ALK-PEM capacity ratio is highly dependent on equipment and electricity prices: higher PEM costs or lower electricity prices favor allocating a larger capacity share to ALK. This work offers practical guidance for sizing and operating hybrid electrolyzers in off-grid renewable energy systems, supporting efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production.