With the transformation of the global energy structure and the advancement of carbon neutrality goals, rail transit, as a key mode of urban green transportation, is undergoing a profound energy revolution. This paper reviews the development and current status of electrified rail systems, analyzes the application of clean energy technologies such as hydrogen, solar, and energy storage in railways, and proposes a coordinated model that integrates electrification with clean energy. Based on multi-source energy access, intelligent dispatching, and multi-energy complementarity, the model is demonstrated to improve efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. The results show that this fusion approach can significantly improve the green level of rail transit systems and provide an essential path toward sustainable transportation.