The Triticeae tribe has major crops including wheat, rye, and barley, which comprise a major part of the global food source. However, enhancing the quality of these crops is challenging due to their limited genetic diversity, polyploid genomes, and vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic improvement in these crops has been modified by the CRISPR/Cas system, which allows precise and effective genome editing. The applications of CRISPR/Cas in Triticeae enhance different characteristics including disease resistance, improved grain quality with enhanced yield, and stress tolerance. The potential of CRISPR/Cas9 for targeted genetic modifications has increased with recent developments like base editing, prime editing, and multiplex genome editing. Moreover, the use of CRISPR-based transcriptional regulation offers new possibilities for trait improvement without inducing permanent genomic changes. Despite regulatory obstacles and technical constraints, CRISPR/Cas technology offers a potent method for expediting Triticeae breeding. Incorporating this approach with omics and genomic techniques would increase genetic advantages even further, providing opportunities for the production of sustainable cereal crops to enhance food security.