Pituitary adenomas are benign intracranial neoplasms accounting for approximately 10–20% of all primary brain tumors. They are broadly classified as functioning (hormone-secreting) or non-functioning adenomas, with further subclassification based on tumor size into microadenomas (<1 cm) and macroadenomas (>1 cm). While many are asymptomatic, functioning adenomas lead to distinct hormonal syndromes such as Cushing’s disease, acromegaly, or prolactinomas, whereas non-functioning tumors often cause compressive symptoms like visual disturbances or hypopituitarism. Management involves a multidisciplinary approach combining surgery, medical therapy, and radiation therapy (RT). Radiation therapy (RT) plays a key role in controlling residual, recurrent, or inoperable tumors and achieving hormonal normalization when other modalities are insufficient. Recent technological advances such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT), and proton therapy have improved outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Lifelong follow-up remains essential due to the risk of delayed complications.