Drawing on empirical data to investigate participatory governance, social accountability, and public service delivery systems, this chapter explores the theoretical and practical consequences of Citizen Charters (CCs) in local government in Bangladesh. It emphasises how CCs, meant to improve transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement, struggle systematically with information asymmetry, socio-economic inequalities, bureaucratic opposition, and entrenched power relations. While institutional policies such as public forums and complaint systems promote accountability, empirical studies show that low citizen knowledge, limited resources, and dependence on informal intermediaries reduce effectiveness. Key learnings include the importance of legislative requirements, digital technologies, and hybrid governance systems combining official institutions with informal behaviours to overcome contextual constraints. Cross-regional knowledge highlights the necessity of capacity-building, civic education, and political continuity to maintain changes. The study supports inclusive policies, regional cooperation, and context-sensitive changes to improve service delivery and accountability. The chapter adds to more general discussions on South Asian governance by integrating theoretical arguments with actual reality and providing routes to improve citizen–state trust, equality, and responsiveness by employing customised and participatory strategies.