Nipah virus infection is a zoonotic disease that was first recognized in Malaysia in 1999. Humans can contract Nipah virus through direct contact with infected bats, pigs, or contaminated food, as well as via person-to-person transmission. The disease presents as a severe respiratory illness and encephalitis, with a high fatality rate ranging from 40% to 75%. Outbreaks of Nipah virus infection have been reported primarily in South Asia and Southeast Asia, with notable occurrences in Bangladesh and India. The clinical presentation of Nipah virus infection encompasses a range of symptoms, including fever, headache, and dizziness. In severe cases, the disease can progress to coma. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine available, rendering prevention through avoidance of exposure, enhanced surveillance, and public education critical. Nipah virus infection remains a substantial public health concern owing to its high mortality rate and the risk of outbreaks.