Arcobacter spp. are emerging Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, motile bacteria with significant zoonotic and human pathogenic potential. Initially classified under the genus Campylobacter, they are now recognised as a distinct genus within the Campylobacteraceae family. Arcobacter spp. is associated with gastroenteritis, bacteraemia, and reproductive disorders in humans and animals, posing a rising public health concern. Globally, they are increasingly detected in food, water, and animal reservoirs, highlighting their widespread burden. Laboratory identification involves both culture-based methods (selective media, microaerophilic conditions) and non-culture-based techniques, including PCR and MALDI-TOF MS, offering improved sensitivity. Virulence factors such as adhesion, invasion, and cytotoxicity contribute to their pathogenicity. Transmission occurs through contaminated water, food (especially meat and dairy), and direct contact with infected animals. Clinical manifestations in humans range from self-limiting diarrhoea to systemic infections. In animals, they cause enteritis, abortion, and infertility. Treatment includes antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and erythromycin; however, rising antibiotic resistance is a growing challenge. Prevention strategies focus on enhancing food safety, water sanitation, and biosecurity measures in animal husbandry. From a public health perspective, Arcobacter spp. require increased surveillance due to their zoonotic nature and potential for food-borne outbreaks. Due to the lack of routine diagnostic methods for the specific identification of Arcobacter spp., the true burden and prevalence of infections are underestimated.