This chapter introduces Macao's history as a process of "cultural translation," examining how 442 years of Portuguese rule created a unique multilingual space characterized by hybridity and in-betweenness. It contextualizes the central issue of cultural identity and the anxiety surrounding Macaoness from colonial through postcolonial periods. The chapter presents the research objective: to examine the relationship between literary translation as cultural production and the (re)construction of cultural identity in contemporary Macao. It articulates three research questions addressing the product, process, and participants of literary translation, highlights the originality of this first systematic study of literary translation in Macao, and outlines the book's structure and contributions to Translation Studies and Macao Studies.