This chapter critically examined the intersection of sustainability, finance, and entrepreneurship in advancing global climate objectives, with specific reference to Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action). It explored how sustainable finance mechanisms and entrepreneurial innovations evolved in the decade following the 2015 Paris Agreement to support low-carbon development and economic resilience. While each domain had been studied extensively, there remained limited research on their combined impact in catalyzing climate action. To address this gap, a systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. Peer-reviewed academic publications from 2015 to 2025 were sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. From an initial pool of 412 articles, 61 were included based on relevance to climate finance instruments, sustainable business models, and SDG 13. The review identified three dominant thematic clusters: the emergence of green and impact-driven entrepreneurship, the growing integration of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria into investment decision-making, and the expanding role of digital technologies and fintech in democratizing access to sustainable finance. The findings indicated that climate-focused ventures, particularly in renewable energy, circular economy, and clean technology, played a pivotal role in supporting climate goals. Financial instruments such as green bonds, carbon credits, and climate venture capital were found to be key enablers, though challenges persisted in access to capital, regulatory stability, and policy coherence. The chapter contributed both theoretically and practically by proposing an integrative framework and offering recommendations for building inclusive financial ecosystems that support sustainable entrepreneurship as a driver of long-term climate resilience.