This chapter presents a detailed examination of the vascular anatomy in the extremities and lungs, focusing on their structural organization and clinical implications, particularly in spinal cord injuries and rehabilitation medicine. The discussion encompasses three major vascular systems: the upper extremities, lower extremities, and pulmonary circulation. The upper extremity section describes the arterial supply originating from the subclavian artery and its progression through the axillary, brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries. This is complemented by an analysis of the venous drainage system, which consists of superficial and deep components interconnected by perforating veins. This chapter emphasizes the anatomical relationships between these vessels and surrounding structures, highlighting their significance in clinical procedures. The lower extremity vascular system discussion begins with the femoral artery and traces its branches throughout the leg, including detailed coverage of the popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and plantar arteries. The venous drainage system, featuring the great and small saphenous veins along with their associated perforators, is thoroughly examined. Special attention is given to the role of venous valves in maintaining unidirectional blood flow and preventing venous stasis. The pulmonary vasculature section explores the unique characteristics of this low-pressure system, crucial for efficient gas exchange. It details the pulmonary trunk’s bifurcation into right and left pulmonary arteries and their subsequent branching patterns, along with the corresponding venous drainage pathways. This chapter emphasizes how this system’s specialized structure facilitates optimal respiratory function while preventing pulmonary edema. Throughout this chapter, clinical applications are integrated with anatomical descriptions, particularly focusing on implications for rehabilitation medicine and the management of patients with spinal cord injuries. The text addresses common anatomical variations and their significance in medical procedures, the importance of collateral circulation in maintaining tissue perfusion, and the relationship between vascular anatomy and various pathological conditions. This comprehensive understanding of vascular anatomy provides essential knowledge for healthcare practitioners working in rehabilitation and related medical fields.