This chapter examines the anatomical structure and biomechanical properties of the skeletal muscle, skin, and fascia, highlighting their integrated roles in human movement and body protection. The content emphasizes how these tissues work together to enable functional movement while maintaining structural integrity. Skeletal muscles, comprising 40%–45% of the total body mass, demonstrate complex architectural arrangements that determine their functional capabilities. This chapter details muscle fiber organization patterns, including parallel and pennate arrangements, and their impact on force generation and movement control. It explores the neuromuscular control mechanisms, particularly the role of muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) in proprioception and motor control. The text also addresses the significance of single- and biarticular muscles in movement coordination and force transmission. The skin, as the body’s largest organ, is presented as a complex, multilayered structure with distinct mechanical properties. This chapter details the epidermis and dermis layers, emphasizing their roles in protection, sensation, and adaptation to mechanical stress. Particular attention is given to the skin’s biomechanical properties in the context of pressure-related injuries and wound healing processes, highlighting the clinical significance of understanding skin mechanics in healthcare settings. Fascia is examined as a continuous connective tissue network that plays crucial roles in force transmission, compartmentalization, and structural support. The text distinguishes between superficial and deep fascial layers, explaining their distinct anatomical arrangements and functional properties. This chapter emphasizes the fascia’s role in muscle force transmission, fluid dynamics, and proprioception while also discussing its protective and compartmentalizing functions. The integration of these three tissue types is explored through their collective contribution to movement efficiency, structural support, and the protection of underlying structures. This chapter includes detailed discussions of muscle force generation mechanisms, the skin’s response to mechanical stress, and fascial contribution to muscle pumping and venous return. Throughout this chapter, clinical applications are highlighted, particularly in areas such as pressure injury prevention, wound healing, and compartment syndrome. The text emphasizes how understanding the biomechanical properties of these tissues is crucial for healthcare professionals in various fields, including spinal cord medicine and rehabilitation medicine.

Anatomy and Function of the Skeletal Muscle, Skin, and Fascia

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发表日期：

2026年

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Hyun-Yoon Ko

摘要

This chapter examines the anatomical structure and biomechanical properties of the skeletal muscle, skin, and fascia, highlighting their integrated roles in human movement and body protection. The content emphasizes how these tissues work together to enable functional movement while maintaining structural integrity. Skeletal muscles, comprising 40%–45% of the total body mass, demonstrate complex architectural arrangements that determine their functional capabilities. This chapter details muscle fiber organization patterns, including parallel and pennate arrangements, and their impact on force generation and movement control. It explores the neuromuscular control mechanisms, particularly the role of muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) in proprioception and motor control. The text also addresses the significance of single- and biarticular muscles in movement coordination and force transmission. The skin, as the body’s largest organ, is presented as a complex, multilayered structure with distinct mechanical properties. This chapter details the epidermis and dermis layers, emphasizing their roles in protection, sensation, and adaptation to mechanical stress. Particular attention is given to the skin’s biomechanical properties in the context of pressure-related injuries and wound healing processes, highlighting the clinical significance of understanding skin mechanics in healthcare settings. Fascia is examined as a continuous connective tissue network that plays crucial roles in force transmission, compartmentalization, and structural support. The text distinguishes between superficial and deep fascial layers, explaining their distinct anatomical arrangements and functional properties. This chapter emphasizes the fascia’s role in muscle force transmission, fluid dynamics, and proprioception while also discussing its protective and compartmentalizing functions. The integration of these three tissue types is explored through their collective contribution to movement efficiency, structural support, and the protection of underlying structures. This chapter includes detailed discussions of muscle force generation mechanisms, the skin’s response to mechanical stress, and fascial contribution to muscle pumping and venous return. Throughout this chapter, clinical applications are highlighted, particularly in areas such as pressure injury prevention, wound healing, and compartment syndrome. The text emphasizes how understanding the biomechanical properties of these tissues is crucial for healthcare professionals in various fields, including spinal cord medicine and rehabilitation medicine.