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Increasing food demands and low crop yield, along with environmental issues caused by conventional agrochemicals, underscore the need for advanced solutions such as nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture. NPs significantly enhance nutrient delivery and function as nanopesticides and nanofertilizers for targeted agrochemical applications. They allow for controlled and sustained release of agrochemicals, reducing overall chemical use and environmental contamination. NPs can also boost plant resistance to stresses such as drought, salinity, and pathogen attacks. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are emerging as highly effective tools in sustainable agriculture due to their ability to enhance nutrient and agrochemical delivery with high precision and efficiency. Their small size and large surface area facilitate better absorption and mobility within plant tissues, improving plant productivity under stress. CNPs also activate plant defense mechanisms, protecting crops from pathogens and pests while decreasing the need for chemical pesticides. They are biodegradable, biocompatible, environmentally friendly, and represent a safe, essential technology for modern sustainable farming. Among major abiotic stressors, drought significantly limits plant growth and productivity by decreasing water availability, causing stomatal closure and reducing photosynthesis. It delays germination, inhibits cell division, and causes wilting, leaf rolling, and early aging. Drought can also lead to the formation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cellular components. Prolonged drought episode changes root structure and, these effects collectively impair plant metabolism, growth, and yield, making drought a major threat to global food security. This chapter explores how applying CNPs through various methods can help alleviate drought-induced stress by promoting the overall plant growth. They do so through mechanisms such as modulating the antioxidant defense system, scavenging ROS, maintaining osmotic balance, and preserving membrane integrity. Therefore, CNPs have the potential to protect plants and enhance their physiological resilience under drought stress.

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Using Chitosan Nanoparticles in the Alleviation of Drought Stress in Plants

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Aryadeep Roychoudhury,
  • Urjashi Chatterjee,
  • Aishani Bhattacharya,
  • Spandan Dutta

摘要

Increasing food demands and low crop yield, along with environmental issues caused by conventional agrochemicals, underscore the need for advanced solutions such as nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture. NPs significantly enhance nutrient delivery and function as nanopesticides and nanofertilizers for targeted agrochemical applications. They allow for controlled and sustained release of agrochemicals, reducing overall chemical use and environmental contamination. NPs can also boost plant resistance to stresses such as drought, salinity, and pathogen attacks. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are emerging as highly effective tools in sustainable agriculture due to their ability to enhance nutrient and agrochemical delivery with high precision and efficiency. Their small size and large surface area facilitate better absorption and mobility within plant tissues, improving plant productivity under stress. CNPs also activate plant defense mechanisms, protecting crops from pathogens and pests while decreasing the need for chemical pesticides. They are biodegradable, biocompatible, environmentally friendly, and represent a safe, essential technology for modern sustainable farming. Among major abiotic stressors, drought significantly limits plant growth and productivity by decreasing water availability, causing stomatal closure and reducing photosynthesis. It delays germination, inhibits cell division, and causes wilting, leaf rolling, and early aging. Drought can also lead to the formation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cellular components. Prolonged drought episode changes root structure and, these effects collectively impair plant metabolism, growth, and yield, making drought a major threat to global food security. This chapter explores how applying CNPs through various methods can help alleviate drought-induced stress by promoting the overall plant growth. They do so through mechanisms such as modulating the antioxidant defense system, scavenging ROS, maintaining osmotic balance, and preserving membrane integrity. Therefore, CNPs have the potential to protect plants and enhance their physiological resilience under drought stress.