This study investigates the use of smelted waste printed circuit boards (SWPCB) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as partial replacement for cement to develop a sustainable binder combination. Experimental studies were conducted to optimize the proportions of these materials in cement-based mixes. The results indicate that addition of GGBS and SWPCB slightly delays the setting time due to their lower reactivity compared to traditional cement. However, all binder combinations meet the IS standards for setting time, ensuring their practical applicability. Increasing E-waste content generally reduces compressive strength, with the P11 mix (40% cement, 40% GGBS, 20% E-waste) showing the best among the ternary combinations. Binary mixes like P18 (100% cement) achieve the highest compressive strength. Microstructural analysis using SEM and EDX demonstrates improved C–S–H gel formation and reduced voids in optimized mixes such as P11, contributing to enhanced densification and durability. XRD and FT-IR analysis exhibited increased pozzolanic activity in GGBS-rich mixes, resulting in enhanced C–S–H formation and reduced calcium hydroxide content. The ternary binders, particularly P11, exhibit a balanced phase composition and superior hydration products, contributing to improved performance and durability.