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In an era of rapid globalization, many countries have started offering Halal-certified food, pharmaceuticals, medicine, health supplements, and beauty products to cater to their Muslim communities. Providing Halal food and medicine to an increasing number of consumers who ask for reliable products that comply with their needs has become a strong market with increased economic value. Food and medicine adulteration are critical issues that affect faith-practicing individuals and have health, religious, and socio-economic implications in relevant societies worldwide. For the previously mentioned products to be considered Halal and permissible for use, certain factors must be taken into account. These include the presence of pork-derived ingredients such as meat, fat, gelatine, amino acids in supplements, or other non-Halal components. While food adulteration receives the most attention from governments and consumers, the issue becomes more complex when it comes to medicine, pharmaceuticals, medicinal supplements, and beauty products, largely due to the challenges associated with diagnostic methods. Medicine adulteration and mixing with non-Halal ingredients, counterfeit drugs, and falsified vaccines pose even graver consequences on public health and socio-economic standards. The vulnerable population in developing countries with weak regulatory procedures often bears the brunt. This highlights the urgency of addressing this issue. This review highlights recent advances in diagnostic techniques that utilize DNA, RNA, and immune-linked assays. Diagnostics using nucleic acid techniques are the cornerstone of modern molecular diagnosis, even though chemical and analytical approaches are commonly used. The primary objective is to highlight molecular techniques that have demonstrated effectiveness in detecting nucleic acids and proteins, and to explore the potential role of artificial intelligence in advancing diagnostic methods. Advantages and limitations for each technique will be explored. These techniques will include Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Real-time PCR, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (INAATs), Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based detection methods, Microarrays, and Enzyme-linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA).

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Molecular Approaches for Halal Authentication in Medicine: DNA, RNA, and Immunodiagnostic Techniques

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Fawzi Al-Razem

摘要

In an era of rapid globalization, many countries have started offering Halal-certified food, pharmaceuticals, medicine, health supplements, and beauty products to cater to their Muslim communities. Providing Halal food and medicine to an increasing number of consumers who ask for reliable products that comply with their needs has become a strong market with increased economic value. Food and medicine adulteration are critical issues that affect faith-practicing individuals and have health, religious, and socio-economic implications in relevant societies worldwide. For the previously mentioned products to be considered Halal and permissible for use, certain factors must be taken into account. These include the presence of pork-derived ingredients such as meat, fat, gelatine, amino acids in supplements, or other non-Halal components. While food adulteration receives the most attention from governments and consumers, the issue becomes more complex when it comes to medicine, pharmaceuticals, medicinal supplements, and beauty products, largely due to the challenges associated with diagnostic methods. Medicine adulteration and mixing with non-Halal ingredients, counterfeit drugs, and falsified vaccines pose even graver consequences on public health and socio-economic standards. The vulnerable population in developing countries with weak regulatory procedures often bears the brunt. This highlights the urgency of addressing this issue. This review highlights recent advances in diagnostic techniques that utilize DNA, RNA, and immune-linked assays. Diagnostics using nucleic acid techniques are the cornerstone of modern molecular diagnosis, even though chemical and analytical approaches are commonly used. The primary objective is to highlight molecular techniques that have demonstrated effectiveness in detecting nucleic acids and proteins, and to explore the potential role of artificial intelligence in advancing diagnostic methods. Advantages and limitations for each technique will be explored. These techniques will include Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Real-time PCR, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (INAATs), Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based detection methods, Microarrays, and Enzyme-linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA).