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Conventional bitumen is a byproduct of petroleum refinement commonly used in flexible pavement applications. Since bitumen depletes quickly, is a non-renewable material in nature, and is associated with environmental and cost concerns, researchers are looking for an alternative material that can be found in nature, can be renewed, has minimal impact on environmental and human health, and has cost-effectiveness. This study aims to investigate the use of castor oil (CO) and rice husk ash (RHA) modified bio-bitumen (CORMBB) as a partial replacement for conventional bitumen/base binder (BB). CORMBB was produced by incorporating CO (9%), RHA (6%), and BB (85%) and evaluated physical, chemical, structural, rheological, and bituminous concrete mix performance parameters. Physical test results indicated enhanced penetration (27.69%) and lowered softening point (18.18%) of CORMBB, suggesting improved flexibility and reduced thermal stiffness. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed successful chemical interaction among the CO, RHA, and BB. Also, they revealed the incorporation of silica from RHA, improving structural stiffness and moisture resistance. Rheological assessments via frequency sweep test and flow sweep test using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) revealed lower complex modulus and phase angle values for CORMBB and higher viscosity at low shear rates, indicating enhanced elasticity, temperature responsiveness, supporting better-rutting resistance, and maintaining compaction ease at higher shear rates. Performance testing of bituminous concrete mixes showed that although CORMBB reduced Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength ratio (TSR), and Cantabro loss, it improved durability parameters such as moisture resistance, raveling resistance, and aggregate loss resistance. These results suggest that CORMBB has potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional binders, offering both performance benefits and environmental advantages.

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Castor Oil and Rice Husk Ash Modified Bio-Bitumen (CORMBB): An Alternative Sustainable Pavement Material

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Sanjeev Kumar,
  • Sanjeev Kumar Suman

摘要

Conventional bitumen is a byproduct of petroleum refinement commonly used in flexible pavement applications. Since bitumen depletes quickly, is a non-renewable material in nature, and is associated with environmental and cost concerns, researchers are looking for an alternative material that can be found in nature, can be renewed, has minimal impact on environmental and human health, and has cost-effectiveness. This study aims to investigate the use of castor oil (CO) and rice husk ash (RHA) modified bio-bitumen (CORMBB) as a partial replacement for conventional bitumen/base binder (BB). CORMBB was produced by incorporating CO (9%), RHA (6%), and BB (85%) and evaluated physical, chemical, structural, rheological, and bituminous concrete mix performance parameters. Physical test results indicated enhanced penetration (27.69%) and lowered softening point (18.18%) of CORMBB, suggesting improved flexibility and reduced thermal stiffness. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed successful chemical interaction among the CO, RHA, and BB. Also, they revealed the incorporation of silica from RHA, improving structural stiffness and moisture resistance. Rheological assessments via frequency sweep test and flow sweep test using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) revealed lower complex modulus and phase angle values for CORMBB and higher viscosity at low shear rates, indicating enhanced elasticity, temperature responsiveness, supporting better-rutting resistance, and maintaining compaction ease at higher shear rates. Performance testing of bituminous concrete mixes showed that although CORMBB reduced Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength ratio (TSR), and Cantabro loss, it improved durability parameters such as moisture resistance, raveling resistance, and aggregate loss resistance. These results suggest that CORMBB has potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional binders, offering both performance benefits and environmental advantages.