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In China, foreign-operated industries could obtain excess profits; interest-bearing and commercial capital could yield high returns; and land rent could be extraordinarily high. To explain these outcomes, it is essential to examine the concrete forms of labor and wages that provided their social basis. This section therefore begins with wage-labor conditions in comparatively new industries and then compares them with older workshop and rural labor systems, highlighting how diverse wage forms supplied a practical foundation for exploitation.

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Forms of Wages: A Realistic Basis for Exploitation

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Yanan Wang

摘要

In China, foreign-operated industries could obtain excess profits; interest-bearing and commercial capital could yield high returns; and land rent could be extraordinarily high. To explain these outcomes, it is essential to examine the concrete forms of labor and wages that provided their social basis. This section therefore begins with wage-labor conditions in comparatively new industries and then compares them with older workshop and rural labor systems, highlighting how diverse wage forms supplied a practical foundation for exploitation.