Alpinia (Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.), a plant in the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), produces dried mature fruits that are used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is one of China’s renowned four southern medicines, valued for its effects in warming the kidneys, consolidating essence, reducing urination, warming the spleen, stopping diarrhea, and controlling salivation. It is used to treat symptoms such as enuresis due to kidney deficiency, frequent urination, seminal emission with cloudy discharge, cold-induced diarrhea, abdominal cold pain, and excessive salivation. Modern pharmacological and clinical studies indicate that Alpinia has sedative, hypnotic, analgesic, anticancer, antidiarrheal, anti-ulcer, antiaging, antioxidant, antiallergic, anti-dementia, memory-enhancing, cardiovascular-protective, and neuroprotective properties. In China, Alpinia is primarily cultivated in Qiongzhong, Wuzhishan, Tunchang, and Baisha counties of Hainan; Yangchun, Xinyi, Gaozhou, and Guangning in Guangdong; Napo, Jingxi, Debao, and Wuming in Guangxi; Jinghong and Mengla in Yunnan; and in parts of Fujian. The main diseases affecting Alpinia include ring spot leaf blight, anthracnose, root-knot nematode disease, wilt disease, and viral diseases.