This chapter provides an overview of a results-based WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) initiative implemented in rural Cambodia between 2018 and 2022 (the Cambodia Project) to address persistent inequalities in rural water and sanitation access while promoting women’s empowerment within Cambodia’s decentralised governance system. Funded by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and delivered by a Cambodia-based NGO, the Cambodia Project operated across nine rural provinces and targeted poor and vulnerable households using the national ID-Poor classification system. The chapter outlines the Project’s design, targeting mechanisms, and delivery arrangements, highlighting the use of output-based subsidies and performance incentives to stimulate household uptake and strengthen service delivery. Central to the Project’s gender strategy was the engagement of the Commune Committee for Women and Children (CCWC) as key agents of mobilisation and local leadership in WASH. The chapter establishes the institutional, financial, and governance context for subsequent analysis of the Cambodia Project’s social inclusion and women’s empowerment outcomes.