The chapter begins by highlighting the broad trend in the female worker population ratio (WPR) during the last three decades and percentage distribution of female workers by status of employment and industry as per the Periodic Labour Force Survey: PLFS 2022–23. The remaining part confines to the measurement issues in the estimation of female WPRs and valuation of unpaid domestic and caregiving services performed by women. As regards WPR, the chapter investigates whether traditional employment-unemployment surveys (EUS) underestimate female WPR—an apprehension quite often raised by the academia. The chapter also examines the level of precision of State-level estimates of female WPR as per the PLFS and likely implications on sample size if State-level estimates are to be within acceptable margin of error. Finally, the chapter deliberates on the data related issues in the valuation of unpaid services performed by women.