Gender Differences in Returns to Education Mismatch: Evidence from Urban Labour Market in India
摘要
The Chapter analyses the gender differentials in returns to education mismatch through the lens of informality in the labour market. The returns to education among adequate, over-educated and under-educated workers was higher for women compared to men in all categories of informality and over time. The difference in returns between adequate and over-education was the highest for men in formal employment, but declined in 2023, indicating greater homogeneity in educational levels over time. Women in formal employment in the formal sector, a niche category of work with comparable levels of education, showed decline in difference between over and under educated. Overall differences were lower for women, probably indicating more homogeneity in terms of investment to education, and this homogeneity improved in 2023. The variation in the educational qualifications of adequate and over educated men was high, with highly educated men less likely to find the right match.