The chapter aims to examine the long-term trends in the labour market engagement of elderly women and men in urban India. It focuses on the elderly population in the age group of 60 years and above. The objective is to examine the underlying economic, social, and physical determinants influencing elderly women’s decisions to participate in the labour force. It further seeks to explore the gendered differences in reasons for non-participation among elderly women and men, as well as the alternative support systems available to them in such circumstances. It is based on secondary data analysis of employment surveys and health surveys of NSSO, supplemented by insights from interviews with 50 elderly respondents. The findings emphasize the labour market’s inability to effectively harness the experience and skills of educated elderly women. In terms of policy, strengthening social protection systems and creating inclusive employment opportunities for elderly women is imperative for ensuring their economic security and social dignity.