Climate change represents a significant child rights crisis in Africa, where over 490 million children inhabit countries highly vulnerable to environmental hazards. This chapter examines how climate change and environmental pollution impact indigenous children’s rights across Africa, with a focus on Zimbabwe, where 6.5 million children face climate-induced emergencies. Despite comprehensive policy frameworks including the National Climate Change Response Strategy, National Climate Policy, and revised Nationally Determined Contributions, significant implementation gaps persist between legislative provisions and practical protection. Drawing on child-centred vulnerability assessments from Eastern and Southern Africa, this chapter demonstrates how climate disasters systematically undermine children’s rights to education, health, clean water, and sustainable livelihoods. The findings reveal that while 25 of 33 countries ranked ‘extremely high risk’ for children are in Africa, the continent contributes less than 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting environmental justice issues and differentiated responsibility. Through rights-based assessment of international, regional, and national legal frameworks, this chapter identifies critical policy fragmentation. It proposes evidence-based recommendations for strengthening legal protections, integrating indigenous knowledge systems, and ensuring sustainable livelihoods for Zimbabwe’s most vulnerable children in an era of an accelerating environmental crisis.