Conventional Raman thermometry for measuring thermal properties rely on steady-state approaches, such as Joule heating or two-laser configurations. While these methods have been widely applied, they often involve increased system complexity and considerable measurement uncertainty. Accurate implementation of steady-state Raman thermometry requires precise calibration of the relationship between temperature and Raman response, as well as reliable determination of laser absorption. Both factors are critical for quantitative accuracy but can be time-consuming, particularly when dealing with samples of varying optical properties. To overcome these limitations, time-resolved Raman have emerged as powerful alternatives for probing transient thermal transport dynamics. This chapter introduces the principles and applications of transient Raman characterization. Section 6.1 discusses the time-domain Raman technique, which captures the temporal evolution of temperature. Section 6.2 presents the time-domain fluorescence technique, which shares the same measurement principle but using the fluorescence signal. Section 6.3 introduces the frequency-resolved Raman, which employs modulated excitation to extract frequency-dependent thermal transport properties. Section 6.4 focuses on the energy transport state-resolved Raman approach. Together, these transient Raman techniques offer new capabilities for characterizing ultrafast heat transfer processes and understanding dynamic thermal behaviour in nanoscale systems beyond the reach of steady-state methods.