Raman thermometry has become an indispensable tool for probing thermal phenomena at micro- and nanoscale dimensions, yet several challenges remain that limit its broader application and quantitative accuracy. Section 11.1 discusses the technical challenges in Raman-based thermal measurements. Section 11.2 explores future opportunities for Raman measurement, not just thermometry, but also with biomedical application, manufacturing application, as well as AI-based Raman characterizations.