This chapter reviews the methodological foundations of Chinese reading research, with a special focus on approaches that inform the study of morphological processing. Over the past two decades, the field has expanded from classic behavioral paradigms such as lexical decision and naming to advanced eye tracking, mouse tracking, and multimodal neuroimaging techniques (EEG, fMRI, MEG, and fNIRS). These methods provide complementary temporal and spatial insights into the dynamics of orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing during reading. In parallel, innovations in experimental design and statistical analysis, including mixed-effects models, megastudies, and multivariate approaches, have enriched the methodological toolkit for examining Chinese-specific features. Looking forward, we highlight three key directions: methodological integration across modalities, developmental and L2 perspectives, and open science practices supported by large-scale databases. Together, these advances provide the empirical and theoretical groundwork for the subsequent chapters, which present multimodal evidence on the cognitive and neural bases of Chinese morphological processing in L1, L2, and bilingual contexts.