Reducing Grain Breakage in Granular Materials During Loading
摘要
Granular materials experience grain breakage under high stress, resulting in increased compressibility and reduced mechanical performance. Such behavior also occurs under current stresses when grains have a low individual strength. This study investigates the mitigation of such degradation through a grading-based strategy in a Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregates (LECA). A series of single-particle crushing and oedometer compression tests were performed on mono- and bidisperse LECA samples, with and without gravel inclusions. The experimental program examined the stress-strain behavior, compressibility, and breakage evolution. The results confirmed that grain size and grading significantly affect grain breakage probability and deformation. Gap-graded mixtures exhibited lower compressibility, higher yield stress, and reduced breakage indexes. Notably, introducing a smaller grain fraction—either homogeneously or heterogeneously via top-down percolation—delayed the onset of breakage and improved the material’s performance. The effectiveness of gravel inclusion was particularly pronounced, reducing vertical strain by up to 18% and breakage by over 40% at 5000 kPa. These findings suggest that gap-grading offers a practical and sustainable alternative to chemical reinforcement techniques, with potential for in-situ application in geotechnical projects.