Cancers arising from the urogenital tract comprise kidney, bladder, prostate, testicular and penile cancers. The epidemiology, natural course of disease and treatment strategies are quite different for each. While prostate cancer has high prevalence and good survival outcomes, the rest are not as common. Breakthroughs in the last couple of decades have helped us unearth the genetic basis of these cancers and develop new treatment strategies. This chapter will be an introduction to the epidemiology, genetics/molecular basis and screening strategies of urogenital cancers.