Renal pelvis and ureteral cancer, also known as upper tract urothelial cancers (UTUCs), account for 5–10% of all renal malignancies. Risk factors for UTUCs include smoking, arsenic exposure, alcohol consumption, phenacetin use, and certain hereditary conditions. The majority of these cancers are of urothelial origin, with squamous cell carcinoma being less common. Symptoms include hematuria and flank pain. Diagnosis is typically made through radiological imaging, ureteropyeloscopy with cystoscopy, and brush biopsy. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Follow-up involves regular monitoring and imaging to detect any recurrence or metastasis. Primary urethral cancer is a rare form of cancer that affects the urethra, with males being more affected than females. The exact cause of urethral cancer is unknown, but factors such as persistent inflammation, stricture, HPV16 infection, and urethral trauma have been linked to its development. Urethral cancers can be urothelial, squamous cell carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma in origin. Diagnosis involves physical examination, urinary cytology, cystourethroscopy, and biopsy. Treatment options depend on the location and extent of the disease and may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Prognosis is influenced by various factors, including age, stage of the disease, and histology.