Recent times have witnessed revolutionizing technological advancements in the field of refractive surgery. Many diverse and effective solutions for myopia management have been in vogue from the previous century, such as the now redundant radial keratotomy. However, it was the advent of the excimer laser that led to the evolution of triumphant techniques such as photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Recent innovations, including wavefront-guided and topography-guided LASIK, have inflated the effectiveness and safety of surgical corrections. Furthermore, the development of femtosecond laser for procedures such as KLEX (keratolenticular extraction) has unraveled a world of possibilities beyond the ordinary. The ascendancy of the implantable collamer lenses (ICL) has also been established for corneas unsuitable for laser vision correction. Thus, the present times have a full basket of these procedures that promise enhanced precision and safety. This chapter reviews the historical development, current techniques, and recent advances in refractive surgery.