Myopia or near-sightedness is a refractive error leading to blurred vision of distant images. In axial myopia, an excessive anteroposterior elongation of the eyeball occurs with thinning of the retina, choroid, and sclera (Fig. 3.1). This excessive axial elongation is hypothesized to trigger sub-foveal chorioretinal stretching, increasing the risk of sight-threatening ocular diseases such as posterior staphyloma, retinal degeneration, and glaucoma. On the other hand, refractive myopia is predominantly associated with steepening of the cornea and lens curvature which increases the optical power of the eye [1, 2]. School myopia commences around 5–15 years of age and tends to stabilize in the late teens and is mainly thought to be idiopathic [3].