High myopia and its progression are currently the major public health concern.Identifying the risk factors is the first step to mitigate the myopia progression.With recent surge in myopia, various management strategies have grabbed our attention. It ia also important to understand the risk factors that have been scientifically shown to be associated with myopia.Here we discuss some nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors which are related to this global burden. Today, we are in an epidemic of myopia, with the surge in high myopia and its progression which is a major concern. As per the global initiative by the World Health Organisation (WHO), 50% of the world’s population is estimated to have myopia by 2050 [1] and will require spectacles for vision correction. Myopia is the major public health concern of this century affecting not only eye health but also the economy of any country, as more and more people require vision correction for effective functioning.