This chapter explores the intersection of bioenergy and nanotechnology in advancing sustainable industrial development and environmental resilience. It examines economic, societal, and technological dimensions of integrating bio-based and nano-enabled solutions to address global challenges such as climate change, energy security, and resource scarcity. The discussion begins by framing sustainability in the context of modern economies, highlighting the interdisciplinary role of renewable energy and material innovation. It then delves into the cost-benefit analysis of bioenergy systems, the efficiency gains enabled by nanotechnology, and the socioeconomic implications of their adoption. Public perception, policy frameworks, and community engagement are emphasized as critical factors influencing technology acceptance. Case studies demonstrate the successful implementation of nano-enhanced bioenergy solutions in both developed and developing regions. The chapter also presents hybrid energy-waste systems, smart manufacturing models, and global strategies adopted by leading countries. Challenges such as regulatory gaps, safety concerns, and technological scaling are addressed alongside future directions for research, innovation, and policy. Overall, the chapter argues that the convergence of bioenergy and nanotechnology provides a transformative platform for achieving sustainability goals—offering integrated, efficient, and inclusive pathways for industry and society. By fostering cross-sector collaboration, responsible innovation, and global cooperation, these technologies can support a just transition toward a circular and carbon-neutral economy.