In today’s evolving labour market, workers who face legal, economic, or social disadvantages often experience precarious work conditions. This chapter examines methodological approaches to studying culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrant workers as a particularly vulnerable labour force segment. While the broader labour market includes many types of vulnerable workers, CALD migrants face distinct challenges shaped by language barriers, cultural differences, precarious legal status and multiple intersecting forms of discrimination. We argue researchers studying CALD migrant workers must adopt methodological approaches that address these unique vulnerabilities while maintaining ethical rigour. It offers a multidimensional perspective on how systemic forces create and sustain vulnerability among CALD migrant workers. The chapter underscores the need for methodological approaches that capture voices and realities of at-risk individuals, including qualitative, quantitative and participatory action research methods. It highlights scholars’ ethical responsibilities when studying CALD populations that fear reprisal, discrimination, or further marginalisation. By sharing reflections from our own research experiences with CALD migrant workers, we demonstrate how methodological choices shape knowledge production and affect policy outcomes. This chapter also contributes to the growing call for more inclusive, context-sensitive organisational research that can strengthen protections for CALD migrant workers as a distinctively vulnerable global workforce segment.