The electric lifting device is a crucial component of fire rescue equipment, playing a vital role in enhancing rescue efficiency and ensuring personnel safety. This study focuses on the structural optimization of electric lifting devices designed for emergency rescue, with an emphasis on the three core modules: the lifting system, power transmission mechanism, and control system. The design prioritizes high efficiency, stability, portability, and safety, ensuring adaptability to complex rescue environments. Material selection and geometric optimization significantly enhance the strength and stiffness of the rope clamp, ensuring reliable performance under high loads and extreme conditions. The power transmission mechanism features a lightweight design, while the control system incorporates intelligent and remote control functions, along with redundant design and fault self-diagnosis capabilities to enhance safety. Performance and prototype testing demonstrate substantial improvements in operational stability and environmental adaptability. Future work could focus on optimizing the clamping disc’s compatibility with ropes of varying diameters to expand its application scope. This research offers valuable insights into the optimal design of electric lifting devices for fire rescue operations and contributes to the advancement of modern emergency rescue equipment.