Urbanization in India has entailed infrastructural development in the cities, which has led to massive youth migration from rural and tribal regions to the cities in search of better job opportunities. With its burgeoning youth population and only 18% of the total number of working women in India in the formal sector, India introduced the “Make in India” program to improve the employable skills of young people, especially from rural and tribal regions. The Skill India mission, introduced in 2014, set an ambitious target of equipping 500 million youth, particularly from the rural workforce, with the skills needed for urban employment by 2022. With the state’s “Skill India” initiatives, the social entrepreneurship ecosystem has responded to this challenge by creating various social businesses and skill training that empower women, especially those in rural India. In this chapter, I argue that government-initiated skill training initiatives for young women who are school or college dropouts are gender-specific and temporary, without providing long-term job security to those who undergo the training. Some women with skill training and job experience in factories in Bangalore and Tirupur had to return to their villages, especially during the pandemic, and become local entrepreneurs to make a living. This study suggests that instead of outward migration of the youth to the cities in search of menial jobs in the service sector, it is imperative on the part of the state and national Government, in collaboration with private enterprises, to open up job opportunities for the youth in local markets that are commensurate with their indigenous skills, expertise, and experience.

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The Post-Pandemic Predicament of Women Skilled Workers in the Textile Zone in India

  • Annapurna Devi Pandey

摘要

Urbanization in India has entailed infrastructural development in the cities, which has led to massive youth migration from rural and tribal regions to the cities in search of better job opportunities. With its burgeoning youth population and only 18% of the total number of working women in India in the formal sector, India introduced the “Make in India” program to improve the employable skills of young people, especially from rural and tribal regions. The Skill India mission, introduced in 2014, set an ambitious target of equipping 500 million youth, particularly from the rural workforce, with the skills needed for urban employment by 2022. With the state’s “Skill India” initiatives, the social entrepreneurship ecosystem has responded to this challenge by creating various social businesses and skill training that empower women, especially those in rural India. In this chapter, I argue that government-initiated skill training initiatives for young women who are school or college dropouts are gender-specific and temporary, without providing long-term job security to those who undergo the training. Some women with skill training and job experience in factories in Bangalore and Tirupur had to return to their villages, especially during the pandemic, and become local entrepreneurs to make a living. This study suggests that instead of outward migration of the youth to the cities in search of menial jobs in the service sector, it is imperative on the part of the state and national Government, in collaboration with private enterprises, to open up job opportunities for the youth in local markets that are commensurate with their indigenous skills, expertise, and experience.