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Marine clay, renowned for its high water content, compressibility, and low shear strength, presents substantial challenges in construction, particularly in coastal and offshore areas. This study investigates the potential of using pressmud (PM), a sugar industry byproduct, to improve the properties of marine clay for compacted clay liner (CCL) applications. The procedure included the preparation and analysis of marine clay and PM samples, conducting tests on physical properties, and carrying out analysis using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Various proportions of marine clay and PM were analyzed to determine the changes in Atterberg limits, particle density, linear shrinkage, compaction characteristics, and permeability testing. Findings indicate that PM, enriched with calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and potassium oxide (K2O), improves water retention, stability, and reduces permeability, which are crucial for applications such as CCLs in environmental engineering. Optimal performance was observed with 20% pressmud content, significantly enhancing the clay’s physical properties. Compaction tests showed that replacing 10% of the clay with pressmud achieved the highest maximum dry density (MDD) of 1.38 Mg/m3, demonstrating improved soil strength and compactability. 20% PM showing the ideal for effective leachate containment as a compacted clay liner.

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Impact of Pressmud Incorporation on the Physical Properties and Permeability of Marine Clay at Bagan Hailam Port Klang

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Shafizah Safingi,
  • Mazidah Mukri,
  • Abdul Samad Abdul Rahman

摘要

Marine clay, renowned for its high water content, compressibility, and low shear strength, presents substantial challenges in construction, particularly in coastal and offshore areas. This study investigates the potential of using pressmud (PM), a sugar industry byproduct, to improve the properties of marine clay for compacted clay liner (CCL) applications. The procedure included the preparation and analysis of marine clay and PM samples, conducting tests on physical properties, and carrying out analysis using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Various proportions of marine clay and PM were analyzed to determine the changes in Atterberg limits, particle density, linear shrinkage, compaction characteristics, and permeability testing. Findings indicate that PM, enriched with calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and potassium oxide (K2O), improves water retention, stability, and reduces permeability, which are crucial for applications such as CCLs in environmental engineering. Optimal performance was observed with 20% pressmud content, significantly enhancing the clay’s physical properties. Compaction tests showed that replacing 10% of the clay with pressmud achieved the highest maximum dry density (MDD) of 1.38 Mg/m3, demonstrating improved soil strength and compactability. 20% PM showing the ideal for effective leachate containment as a compacted clay liner.