Plant diseases pose a major threat to the world’s food security, necessitating the development of sustainable and ecologically friendly control strategies. Streptomyces spp. have gained great attention in sustainable agriculture as biological control agents due to their unique ability to synthesize diverse antibacterial compounds. The filamentous bacteria Streptomyces, and plant hosts, have developed sophisticated interactions where both organisms are able to furnish defence against disease, as well as obtain benefits from plant-derived nutrients. Multiple members of the genus Streptomyces show antagonistic physiological activity against phytopathogens. Through various mechanisms including competition, parasitism, antibiosis and stimulation of the plant to induce systemic resistance, Streptomyces are exceptional at the suppression of plant diseases. Furthermore, production of lytic enzymes creates the ability to degrade organic polymers, increasing overall biocontrol potential. The goal of this chapter is to summarize the genus as an anthropogenic source of antimicrobial compounds with interest given to their biocontrol potential in the suppression of plant diseases. By studying the bioactive compounds produced by these microorganisms, including other classes being discovered at this time, we will develop better awareness of their modes of action and identify new tactics to apply the biocontrol potential of Streptomyces. Ultimately, these ideas can be translated into sustainable or eco-friendly strategies for plant disease management.