Streptomyces, a genus of filamentous bacteria, have emerged as a viable and important source of biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs). Streptomyces-derived nanoparticles are attracting widespread attention due to their various bioactive characteristics and nanoscale interactions. These nanoparticles, which typically consist of metals such as gold, silver, copper oxide, and zinc oxide, have outstanding anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound-healing characteristics, making them extremely valuable in biomedical applications. In agriculture, they operate as biopesticides and plant growth promoters, boosting sustainable agricultural techniques. They also play a crucial role in environmental applications, including bioremediation and wastewater treatment. In the industrial sector, they serve as nanocatalysts and antibacterial agents for food preservation. The multifunctionality of these nanoparticles demonstrates their promise for novel solutions in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental sustainability.