With the rise in antimicrobial resistance and the advent of new neurotropic pathogens, neuronal infections—which are frequently accompanied by inflammation, neurodegeneration, and a lack of effective treatment options—represent a significant global health problem. Because of their distinct structural diversity and multifunctional bioactivities, marine-derived natural bioactives have become attractive options for the prevention and treatment of CNS illnesses. These substances have strong antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective qualities that allow them to disrupt several phases of the infection process, such as immune evasion, pathogen reproduction, and host neuronal injury. The discovery pipeline has been further extended by developments in marine biotechnology and bioprospecting, which have made it possible to identify and optimize new bioactives with potential therapeutic uses. Furthermore, marine-derived compounds are being investigated for their potential involvement in vaccine production and immunomodulation, providing a more comprehensive approach to infection prevention. This study focuses on the existing environment, problems, and future possibilities of marine natural products as new weapons for fighting brain infections, emphasizing their revolutionary potential in neuroinfectious disease treatment.