A hot debate is raging among Chinese industries and academia on how to enhance the vitality of large and medium-sized SOEs, improve their economic efficiency, and overcome the short-term nature of their behavior. Like human beings, enterprises are living entities that need to survive, develop, and adapt to various environments. For a human being, besides surviving and developing under normal conditions, one also needs the capacity to survive and develop under abnormal conditions. Otherwise, life would be too fragile to withstand setbacks or blows. The same is true for an enterprise. If an enterprise can only operate under normal conditions but cannot survive and develop under abnormal conditions, then such an enterprise is too vulnerable. The so-called “adaptive capacity” refers to the ability to adapt to abnormal conditions rather than normal conditions. In other words, both a person and a company must have the ability to adapt to abnormal conditions under which they can live and achieve sustainable development. It is also an important indicator of vitality of a person or a company.