Controversies of the Archaists in the Ming Dynasty
摘要
The literary world of the Ming Dynasty was greatly influenced by Cang Lang’s Notes on Poets and Poetry written by Yan Yu. In the early Ming Dynasty, Gao Bing (also named Tingli, 1350–1423) compiled a huge sylloge A Classified Compendium of Tang Poetry in over one hundred volumes. Following the part left for posterity by Yan Yu, he divided poems of the Tang Dynasty into four parts according to different periods: the early Tang Dynasty, the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the mid-Tang Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty. In general, there were different ranks of poems in the early Tang Dynasty. The ones in the early Tang Dynasty were “original”; the ones in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty were “orthodoxy,” “masterpieces,” “famous,” and “fully fledged”; the ones in the mid-Tang Dynasty were “successive”; the ones in the late Tang Dynasty were “standardized forms and variation” and “aftersound.” That is to say, the poetic style began in the early Tang Dynasty, entered into the orthodox period in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and was inherited in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and its aftersound lingered in the late Tang Dynasty. Later generations often criticized that this kind of division is not scientific enough. Because the achievements made by more than 2000 poets in the Tang Dynasty were various and abundant, those poems could not be orderly divided and put into the four ready-made modules according to the order of the period they appeared in. However, just as stated in the “Summary” of the Catalog of the Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature, “The examples of periodization of literature just describe the general outline.” Due to its concision and legibility, later generations continue to use the periodization. Therefore, the book A Classified Compendium of Tang Poetry has been exerting great influence since its publication. In The History of the Ming Dynasty: The Biographies of Ordinary Literators, it stated that “throughout the whole Ming Dynasty, all the Chinese imperial libraries and pavilions have taken this book as classic.” The Chaling Poetic School emerged later, the popular former and latter seven scholars, and worship of the style of Tang poetry were all related to this book.