The interaction between genotype and environment is central to crop improvement and the future of plant breeding. In early generations (e.g., F₃), the large number of genotypes often limits testing to a few locations, increasing the risk of losing promising materials due to genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions. By leveraging advances in statistical modeling, molecular genetics, and multi-environment testing, breeders are increasingly equipped to develop varieties that are both productive and stable under a wide range of environmental conditions. Genomic selection (GS) is a powerful tool for early generations in plant breeding programs. By utilizing genomic markers and limited phenotypic data, GS predicts genomic estimated breeding value (GEBVs) and identifies stable genotypes. Effective management of G × E guarantee enhancing crop adaptability, ensuring consistent performance, and sustaining agricultural productivity amid global challenges.