Spectral-Feature-Guided Controllable Diffusion for SAR-to-Optical Satellite Imagery Generation in Wildfire Mapping
摘要
Wildfires can cause significant damage to the environment, ecosystems, and social economics. The timely and accurate identification of wildfire areas is critically important for post-fire assessment and emergency response. Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to generate optical-style images for wildfire detection enables reliable imagery under cloudy conditions. Traditional Generative Adversarial Network based methods are prone to mode collapse. In this study, we propose a Spectral-Feature-Guided Controllable Diffusion (SCDiff) model, which consists of two key components: (1) a spectral feature guidance stage, where the Normalized Burn Ratio is introduced as a spatial attention mechanism to guide translation and enforce spectral consistency in burned areas; and (2) a hierarchical structure guidance stage, where a hierarchical fusion strategy combines global low-resolution context with local high-resolution details to alleviate patch-based artifacts. SCDiff employs a resolution-agnostic design, enabling high-quality reconstruction at the full-image level across large-scale wildfire scenes, ensuring structural continuity and spatial consistency. Experiments on 58 major wildfires in Canada demonstrate that SCDiff generates more detailed and realistic fire-disturbed areas from Sentinel-1 SAR to Sentinel-2 multi-spectral images, outperforming the baselines in both spectral similarity and downstream wildfire detection.