Emerging nanomaterials (NMs) are a fascinating material class that includes a wide range of samples with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm. NMs can be designed logically to achieve huge surface areas. In contrast to their bulk counterparts, NMs can be created with exceptional mechanical, optical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic capabilities. The size, shape, synthesis conditions, and proper functionalisation of the NMs can all be precisely controlled to get the desired results. This chapter discusses a variety of NMs synthesis techniques, such as top-down and bottom-up procedures. The primary synthetic techniques for developing NMs have been briefly covered, followed by their composition and characterisations. The possible uses of newly developed NMs in many fields were then covered, along with illustrative examples. We concluded by summarising the present issues and future directions for developing NMs.